The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is the title of a work by Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein. The text evolved as a continuation and a reaction to the conceptions of Russell and Frege on logic and language. Originally published in German in 1921 under the title Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung, it was later translated into English a year later with the current Latin title. Alongside his Philosophical Investigations, this text is one of Wittgenstein's major philosophical works.

The Tractatus is the result of Wittgenstein's notes and correspondence with Bertrand Russell, George Edward Moore, and Keynes, written between 1914-1916 while he served as a lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian army and later as a prisoner of war in Italy during the First World War. Although relatively brief in length (around 70 pages), the Tractatus is a highly complex text that has given rise to numerous interpretations.

While the deeper meaning of the text was ethical for Wittgenstein, the majority of readings have emphasized its significance for logic and the philosophy of language. It was not until much later that more recent studies began to highlight the mystical aspect of the work as a central feature.

Alongside his Philosophical Investigations, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is widely regarded as one of Wittgenstein's most influential and seminal contributions to philosophy. The text's interweaving of logical, linguistic, and ethical concerns has made it a subject of intense scholarly debate and analysis, with its profound impact on the development of 20th-century philosophy continuing to be felt to this day.

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